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Tırnak Kırılganlığı Nedenleri ve Doğal Tedavi Yöntemleri - ya da multicosmetics

Causes of Brittle Nails and Natural Treatment Methods

Nail Structure and Anatomy

The nail unit consists of the nail plate, surrounding soft tissues, the vascular network, and the neural connections of the distal phalanx. The nail plate is a laminated, keratinized structure that lies on the nail bed, consisting of the nail matrix (15-25%), the distal onychodermal band (75-85%), and the hyponychium at its free edge. A crescent-shaped lunula, located at the anterior end of the matrix, may be prominent in some fingers. The nail plate is located within the proximal and lateral folds. The cuticle (eponychium), originating from the proximal nail fold, adheres tightly to the surface of the proximal nail plate. The nail unit possesses a dense and complex vascular network that supports blood circulation. Furthermore, both the periungual soft tissues and the nail folds are supplied with nerves [1, 2].

Nail Layers

The nail plate has three basic layers consisting of keratin fibers arranged in different directions:

  1. Dorsal Layer: This layer, which forms the uppermost part of the nail, has a hard and dense structure. Its hard keratin content provides durability to the nail.
  2. Middle Layer (Intermediate Layer): The middle layer, which constitutes the thickest part of the nail, is important in terms of both elasticity and durability. The bonds between the keratin fibers provide the nail with flexibility.
  3. Ventral Layer: The bottom layer of the nail plate and is in direct contact with the nail bed. This layer helps the nail adhere firmly to the nail bed and supports its nutrition.

These three layers work together to make the nail hard, flexible and durable [3].

Characteristics of Healthy Nails

Healthy nails should have a smooth, even surface and appear pink and slightly shiny. They should be durable and slightly flexible, free of brittleness, and grow at a regular and even rate. Cuticles should be healthy and free of inflammation. The lunula (half-moon) seen on some nails, such as the thumb, may be visible, but it is not necessarily present on every nail. Furthermore, healthy nails should not show any peeling or peeling, and they should not show any discoloration such as yellowing, white spots, or bruising. The skin surrounding the nail should have a healthy appearance, free of redness or swelling. Abnormalities in these characteristics can be a sign of various health problems [4].

Main Causes of Nail Brittleness

Nail brittleness can be caused by a variety of factors. Nutritional deficiencies are among the primary causes; biotin, iron, protein, zinc, and magnesium deficiencies, in particular, weaken nails. External and environmental factors also play a significant role; frequent exposure to water and chemicals, cold weather, and UV rays cause nails to dry out and break. Furthermore, improper nail care and physical trauma, such as harsh filing, nail biting, and improper manicures, weaken nail structure. Health conditions such as hypothyroidism, fungal infections, psoriasis, and Raynaud's disease can lead to nail brittleness. Finally, hormonal changes, especially during menopause and pregnancy, can cause nails to weaken [5,6].

Vitamin and Mineral Deficiencies

Nail health can be affected by various vitamin and mineral deficiencies. Biotin (B7) deficiency leads to brittle nails and white spots, while iron deficiency (anemia) results in spoon-shaped nails and a pale texture. Zinc deficiency manifests as white spots and horizontal lines. Calcium deficiency can cause thin and brittle nails, while magnesium deficiency can cause slow growth and vertical lines. Vitamin D deficiency leads to thin and brittle nails, and vitamin A deficiency can cause drying, peeling, and splitting. Finally, vitamin E deficiency manifests as cracked nails. Appropriate dietary sources (e.g., eggs, milk, green vegetables) are recommended to prevent these deficiencies [7,8].

Hormonal Changes

This article discusses some hormonal changes that affect nail health. Hypothyroidism causes nails to grow slowly, become brittle, and thick, while hyperthyroidism causes nails to grow thin, soft, and quickly. During menopause, decreasing estrogen levels can cause nails to dry and break. During pregnancy, changes in hormone levels can cause nails to grow quickly but become brittle. Fluctuations in estrogen and progesterone during the menstrual cycle can cause nails to dry and break periodically. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), due to increased androgen hormone levels and an estrogen imbalance, can cause nails to weaken and peel. Finally, stress and increased cortisol levels can lead to problems such as horizontal lines and slow nail growth [9].

Chemical Exposure

Constant exposure to chemicals can lead to dry, brittle nails, discoloration, and infections. Chemicals like detergents and solvents can dry nails, while caustic chemicals can cause peeling of the nail layers. Excessive nail polish use, smoking, and heavy metals can also cause discoloration. Chemicals not only slow nail growth but also increase the risk of irritation and infection around the nails. To prevent chemical damage, it's important to wear gloves, choose acetone-free nail polish remover, and moisturize nails [10].

Medical Conditions

Brittle nails can be a symptom of various medical conditions. Hypothyroidism, due to a lack of thyroid hormones, can cause nails to become dry and brittle, while hyperthyroidism can cause nails to grow thin and quickly. Psoriasis can cause peeling and splitting, and nail fungal infections can also weaken nails. Anemia can cause pale and brittle nails due to iron deficiency, and vitamin and mineral deficiencies (especially biotin, zinc, and vitamins A and D) can also negatively impact nail health. Raynaud's disease weakens nails due to poor circulation, while autoimmune diseases such as lupus erythematosus and dermatomyositis can also lead to nail deformities. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) can cause nails to weaken and break due to hormonal imbalances. Each of these conditions can compromise nail health and lead to brittleness [11].

The Effect of Nutrition on Nail Health

Nail health is closely linked to nutrition. Adequate protein, vitamins, and mineral intake ensures strong and healthy nails. Biotin (vitamin B7), which supports keratin production, is found in foods like eggs, almonds, and avocados and thickens nails. Iron deficiency can cause spoon nails, and foods like red meat and spinach are good sources of iron. Zinc supports nail growth, and meat and seafood are rich in this mineral. Calcium and vitamin D strengthen nails; milk and sunlight are good sources. Omega-3 fatty acids, found in foods like salmon and walnuts, maintain the moisture balance of nails. Adequate water consumption also keeps nails moist. A balanced diet is important for healthy nails.

Protein Needs

Keratin, the primary component of nails, requires adequate protein intake for healthy nail formation and growth. Protein deficiency leads to thin, brittle, and slow-growing nails. Adults require 0.8–1.2 grams of protein per kilogram of body weight daily, and this amount can be increased in certain circumstances. Animal sources such as meat, fish, eggs, milk, and dairy products are the most effective sources of protein. Plant-based sources such as lentils, chickpeas, and beans can also be consumed, but multiple plant-based sources should be consumed to ensure amino acid diversity. Some amino acids that support nail health are cystine, methionine, lysine, and arginine. Protein deficiency manifests itself through symptoms such as white lines on the nails, brittleness, slow growth, and peeling [12].

Essential Vitamins

Certain vitamins are essential for healthy and strong nails. Biotin (vitamin B7) strengthens nails by increasing keratin production, while vitamin A promotes cell renewal and accelerates nail growth. Vitamin C boosts collagen production and promotes iron absorption, thus strengthening nail structure. Vitamin D hardens nails by increasing calcium absorption, while vitamin E moisturizes nails and prevents cracking. Vitamin B12 is essential for healthy nail color and helps with oxygen transport, while folic acid (vitamin B9) promotes cell renewal and promotes healthy nail growth. These vitamins are important for strong and healthy nail growth [13,14].

Mineral Balance

Certain minerals are crucial for nail health. Iron maintains nail color and structure; a deficiency leads to pale nails and is found in foods like red meat and spinach. Zinc promotes nail growth and prevents white spots and is found in meat and seafood. Calcium strengthens nails and a deficiency can cause brittle nails and is found in foods like milk and cheese. Magnesium prevents nail breakage and aids cell regeneration and is found in foods like hazelnuts and almonds. Silicon strengthens weak nails by increasing nail flexibility and is found in whole grains and green vegetables. These minerals are essential for healthy nails [13,14].

External Factors and Protection Methods

Nails can be affected by environmental and external factors. Hot and cold weather can dry nails and lead to breakage, so it's important to wear gloves. Chemical cleaning products can weaken nails, so gloves should be used to protect them. Prolonged exposure to water weakens nails, while physical trauma can also cause them to break. Excessive manicures can damage nail structure, so gentle care is essential. To maintain nail health, it's important to use moisturizers, eat a healthy diet, wear gloves, keep nails short, and avoid prolonged contact with water [15].

Protection from Detergents and Chemicals

Detergents and chemical products can dry out nails, weaken them, and cause them to break. Prolonged exposure to chemicals can cause sensitivity in the skin and nails. Wearing gloves is the most effective method for protecting against chemical contact; cotton-lined gloves are preferred. Additionally, using natural cleaning products and washing and moisturizing your hands after cleaning are beneficial. Keeping your nails short also increases protection against chemicals. Washing your hands immediately after contact with chemicals protects your nails. These simple precautions help keep your nails healthy [16].

Preventing Mechanical Damage

Nails need to be carefully protected to prevent mechanical damage. Keeping nails short and properly shaped reduces the risk of breakage. Wearing gloves during cleaning or heavy work protects nails. Avoiding contact with hard surfaces prevents nail breakage. Furthermore, avoiding using nails as tools and using protective nail polish or nail strengthening products strengthens nails. Regular care is important to keep cuticles moisturized and nails flexible and durable [17].

Natural Care Tips

Moisture Support with Olive Oil
Olive oil moisturizes and strengthens nails and softens cuticles. Massage it into your nails every night, leave it on for a few minutes, and then rinse.

Lemon and Olive Oil Mixture
This duo whitens, nourishes, and moisturizes nails. Mix 1 teaspoon of olive oil with a few drops of lemon juice, apply it to your nails, and leave it on for 10-15 minutes.

Deep Conditioning with Coconut Oil
Coconut oil prevents nails from drying out and strengthens them. Massage it into your nails at night and leave it on overnight.

Soothing Effect with Aloe Vera
Aloe vera gel moisturizes nails and soothes cuticles. Apply fresh aloe vera gel to your nails and wait 10-15 minutes.

Revitalizing Support with Green Tea
Rich in antioxidants, green tea strengthens nails and promotes healthy growth. Steep a green tea bag in hot water for 5 minutes. Once cooled, soak your nails in it for 10-15 minutes.

Honey and Sugar Scrub
A mixture of honey and sugar softens nails with its moisturizing and exfoliating properties. Massage a mixture of 1 teaspoon of honey and 1 teaspoon of sugar into your nails. Leave it on for 5 minutes, then rinse.

Gain Strength with Garlic
Garlic strengthens nails, prevents breakage, and reduces the risk of infection. Crush a clove of garlic, rub it on your nails, leave it on for 5-10 minutes, and then rinse.

[18, 19]

With Nourishing Oil

Strengthen Your Skin with Argan Oil
Antioxidant-rich argan oil strengthens nails and helps prevent breakage. Massage a few drops into your nails and cuticles.

Softness with Sweet Almond Oil
Sweet almond oil nourishes, moisturizes, and softens brittle nails. Gently massage into your nails.

Flexible and Durable Nails with Jojoba Oil
Jojoba oil adds flexibility to nails, moisturizes them, and prevents cracking. Gently apply to nails and cuticles and leave on overnight.

Healthy Growth with Vitamin E Oil
Vitamin E oil supports healthy nail growth by promoting cell regeneration. You can apply it directly to nails or use the oil in capsule form.

Protective Effect of Lavender Oil
Lavender oil strengthens nails, softens cuticles, and protects against infection. Massage it into cuticles or mix it with other nourishing oils.

Natural Masks

1. Olive Oil and Lemon Mask

Ingredients: 1 tablespoon olive oil, 1 teaspoon lemon juice
Benefits: While olive oil moisturizes, lemon whitens and strengthens nails.
Preparation and Application: Mix olive oil and lemon juice. Apply the mixture to your nails and cuticles. Wait 10-15 minutes, then wash with warm water [20].

2. Honey and Sugar Exfoliating Mask

Ingredients: 1 tablespoon of honey, 1 tablespoon of sugar
Benefits: While honey has moisturizing properties, sugar provides a natural peeling effect, softens and revitalizes the nails.
Preparation and Application: Mix honey and sugar, apply to your nails by gently massaging. Wait 5-10 minutes, then rinse with water [21].

3. Coconut Oil and Vitamin E Mask

Ingredients: 1 tablespoon coconut oil, 1 vitamin E capsule
Benefits: Coconut oil moisturizes and nourishes, while vitamin E strengthens nails.
Preparation and Application: Slightly warm the coconut oil and mix it by opening the vitamin E capsule. Apply it to your nails and cuticles. Leave it on for 15-20 minutes, then rinse [22].

4. Aloe Vera Mask

Ingredients: Fresh aloe vera gel (or aloe vera oil)
Benefits: Aloe vera nourishes, moisturizes, and strengthens nails. It also softens cuticles and provides a soothing effect.
Preparation and Application: Apply fresh aloe vera gel to your nails and cuticles. Leave it on for 10-15 minutes, then rinse [23].

5. Garlic Mask

Ingredients: 2 cloves of garlic, 1 tablespoon of olive oil
Benefits: Garlic strengthens nails and prevents them from breaking. Olive oil moisturizes.
Preparation and Application: Crush the garlic and mix it with olive oil. Apply it to your nails, wait 10-15 minutes, then rinse [24].

Nail Care Routine

Regular care is important to maintain nail health. It's important to clean nails, carefully remove old nail polish, and avoid excessive acetone use. Gently pushing back cuticles, regularly cutting, and filing them in a rounded shape prevents breakage. Natural oils like olive oil and coconut oil can be used for moisturizing. You can support repair with a nail care pen . It's important to apply a mask weekly, protect your nails from chemicals with gloves, and avoid using your nails as tools. A diet rich in protein, biotin, zinc, and vitamin E supports nail health. Applying a base coat and giving your nails a break from time to time is beneficial when using nail polish. If changes or problems are noticed, consult a dermatologist [25].

When Should You Consult a Specialist?

Professional help may sometimes be necessary to maintain nail health. If you notice discoloration, deformities, or abnormal growth in your nails, you should consult a dermatologist. Pain, swelling, redness, or pus formation can be signs of infection and require professional help. Furthermore, sudden nail loss or weakening can indicate nutritional deficiencies or health problems. Persistently breaking or cracking nails or cuticle infections also require professional treatment. Nail fungus can manifest as yellowing, thickening, or a foul odor and requires treatment. If the nail is injured and bruised or bleeding, consult a specialist. Additionally, nutritional issues or dietary changes can cause weakened nails, and professional help should be sought in these cases. In the event of any of these symptoms, seeking help from a dermatologist or nail specialist is the right step.

References
1. de Berker D. (2013). Nail anatomy. Clinics in dermatology, 31(5), 509–515. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clindermatol.2013.06.006
2. Fleckman, P., & Allan, C. (2001). Surgical anatomy of the nail unit. Dermatologic surgery: official publication for American Society for Dermatologic Surgery [et al.], 27(3), 257–260.
3. Turkish Clinics. (ty). Nail anatomy and structure. Turkish Clinics. https://www.turkiyeklinikleri.com
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5. Medicover Hospitals. (ty). Brittle nails: Causes, treatment, and symptoms. Medicover Hospitals. Access address: https://www.medicoverhospitals.in
6. Buzoğlu, H. (ty). Brittle nails, causes, treatment. Hakan Buzoğlu. Access address: https://hakanbuzoglu.com.tr
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9. Darwyn Health. (2023). How Hormonal Imbalances Can Affect the Health of Your Nails. Available at: https://www.darwynhealth.com/skin-health/skin-disorders/nail-disorders/causes-of-nail-disorders/how-hormonal-imbalances-can-affect-the-health-of-your-nails/?lang=en
10. Doğanel Aksoy, S., Karaman, S., Pulat İmamoğlu, S., & Yılmaz, S. (2018). Adverse health effects of cosmetics and personal care products and their safe use. Gümüşhane University Journal of Health Sciences, 7(1), 1-10.
11. Medical Park Hospitals Group. (nd). Which disease is a sign of brittle nails? Retrieved from https://www.medicalpark.com.tr/tirnak-kirilmasi-hangi-hastaligin-belirtisidir/hg-4574?utm_source=chatgpt.com
12. Kaur, I., & Rani, P. (2021). Amino acids and their role in nail health: A review. Journal of Dermatological Treatment, 32(4), 308-313. https://doi.org/10.1080/09546634.2021.1903227
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15. Khandpur, S., & Dhumal, G. (2018). Environmental factors and their impact on nails. Indian Journal of Dermatology, Venereology, and Leprology, 84(4), 469-477. https://doi.org/10.4103/ijdvl.IJDVL_237_18
16. Warshaw, E.M., & Zug, K.A. (2012). Dermatitis due to contact with detergents and cleaning agents. Dermatitis, 23(5), 234–241. https://doi.org/10.1097/DER.0b013e318266be7f
17. Wang, X., & Zhang, L. (2018). Protective measures for nail health: A focus on mechanical damage and cosmetic products. Dermatologic Therapy, 31(4), 113-118. https://doi.org/10.1111/dth.12472
18. https://bioder.com/epilation/blog/cilt-bakimi-hakkinda/guclu-tirnaklar-icin-bakim-onerileri?utm_source.
19. https://www.wikihow.com/Care-for-Your-Nails
20. Shenefelt, P. D. (2011). Herbal treatment in dermatology. American Journal of Clinical Dermatology, 12(6), 381–395. https://doi.org/10.2165/11593300-000000000-00000
21. Bogdanov, S., Jurendic, T., Sieber, R., & Gallmann, P. (2008). Honey for nutrition and health: A review. Journal of the American College of Nutrition, 27(6), 677–689. https://doi.org/10.1080/07315724.2008.10719745
22. Nevin, K. G., & Rajamohan, T. (2010). Effect of topical application of virgin coconut oil on skin components and antioxidant status during dermal wound healing in young rats. Skin Pharmacology and Physiology, 23(6), 290–297. https://doi.org/10.1159/000313516
23. Surjushe, A., Vasani, R., & Saple, D. G. (2008). Aloe vera: A short review. Indian Journal of Dermatology, 53(4), 163–166. https://doi.org/10.4103/0019-5154.44785
24. Harris, R., & Cottrell, S. (2012). The antimicrobial properties of garlic and its relevance in dermatology. International Journal of Dermatology, 51(4), 393–398. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-4632.2011.05069.x
25. Rich, P. (2013). Nail disorders that may mimic fungal nail infections. American Journal of Clinical Dermatology, 14(5), 339–346. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40257-013-0032-y
26. Wollina, U., Nenoff, P., Haroske, G., & Haenssle, H. A. (2016). The Diagnosis and Treatment of Nail Disorders. Deutsches Arzteblatt international, 113(29-30), 509–518. https://doi.org/10.3238/arztebl.2016.0509
27. Türkiye Clinics. Nail Care and Cosmetics. Türkiye Clinics. https://www.turkiyeklinikleri.com/article/tr-tirnak-bakimi-ve-kozmetikleri-48273.html
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Genellikle Tip I ile birlikte bulunur ve birlikte kullanıldığında “gençlik etkisi” olarak adlandırılan daha sağlıklı, sıkı ve elastik bir cilt görünümünü destekler (20). Eklem ve kas sağlığına etkileri Yapılan bilimsel çalışmalar, Tip II kolajen takviyesinin osteoartrit gibi eklem hastalıklarında ağrıyı azaltabileceğini ve kıkırdak yapısını koruyabildiğini göstermiştir. Aynı zamanda sporcularda ve fiziksel olarak aktif bireylerde eklem konforunu artırdığı gözlemlenmiştir. Kas sağlığı açısından ise, direnç antrenmanlarıyla birlikte kullanıldığında kas kütlesini artırmaya yardımcı olabilir ve egzersiz sonrası oluşan kas hasarının onarılmasına katkı sağlayabilir. Kolajen takviyeleri vücudun kendi kolajen üretimini desteklerken, içerdiği amino asitlerle de kas proteini sentezine katkıda bulunur (18,19) . 3.Bilimsel Araştırmalar Ne Diyor? Kolajen takviyelerine yönelik artan ilgi, bu alanda yürütülen bilimsel çalışmaların sayısını da önemli ölçüde artırmıştır. Şimdi, klinik araştırmalarla desteklenen bulgulara ve hangi kolajen formunun daha etkili olduğuna dair güncel verileri inceleyelim. Klinik çalışmalarla desteklenen etkiler Bilimsel araştırmalar kolajen hakkında bazı olumlu bulgular sunsa da, sonuçlar dikkatle değerlendirilmelidir. Örneğin, 26 randomize kontrollü çalışmayı kapsayan bir meta-analizde, hidrolize kolajen takviyesi alan bireylerde cilt nemi ve elastikiyetinde anlamlı iyileşmeler saptanmıştır. Yine benzer şekilde, 90 gün süresince kolajen takviyesi uygulanan bireylerde kırışıklıklarda azalma, cilt elastikiyetinde ve neminde artış gözlenmiştir (20). Ancak bu konuda daha kapsamlı bir inceleme sunan Myung ve Park’ın (2025) The American Journal of Medicine’da yayımladıkları sistematik derleme ve meta-analiz, farklı bir bakış sunmaktadır. 23 randomize kontrollü çalışmanın değerlendirildiği bu çalışmada, kolajen takviyelerinin genel olarak cilt sağlığı üzerinde olumlu etkiler yarattığı bildirildi. Fakat dikkat çekici bir şekilde, endüstri tarafından desteklenmeyen yüksek kaliteli çalışmaların hiçbirinde bu etkiler doğrulanmamıştır. Sadece sponsorlu ve düşük kaliteli çalışmalarda anlamlı faydalar rapor edilmiştir. Dolayısıyla araştırmacılar, kolajen takviyelerinin cilt yaşlanmasını önlemede veya tedavi etmede klinik olarak güçlü bir dayanağa henüz sahip olmadığını belirtmişlerdir (21). Hangi kolajen formu daha etkili? Kolajen takviyelerinde en etkili form, hidrolize kolajen yani kolajen peptit formudur. Bu form, enzimatik işlemlerle küçük parçalara ayrılmış olup, 2000 Dalton (Da) altı moleküler ağırlığı sayesinde sindirim sisteminden kolayca emilir. Araştırmalar, hidrolize kolajenin jelatin ve nativ (doğal) kolajen formlarına göre %20–30 daha yüksek biyoyararlanıma sahip olduğunu göstermiştir. Bu da vücutta daha etkili bir şekilde kullanılmasını sağlar (11,12). 4.Kolajen Takviyesi Seçerken Nelere Dikkat Edilmeli? Kolajen takviyesinden maksimum fayda sağlamak için bazı önemli noktalara dikkat edilmelidir. Kolajen molekülleri büyük yapılı olduğu için cilt yüzeyine sürüldüğünde alt tabakalara geçemez ve doğrudan etki göstermez . Ancak C vitamini, peptitler ve hiyalüronik asit gibi içeriklerle birlikte dolaylı olarak kolajen üretimini destekleyebilir. Bu nedenle derin ve kalıcı etki için krem ve serum formları yerine, ağızdan alınan hidrolize ve 2000 Dalton (Da) altı molekül ağırlığında kolajen takviyeleri tercih edilmelidir. Ayrıca patentli ve klinik çalışmalarda etkinliği kanıtlanmış ürünler tercih edilmelidir. Kolajen sentezi yalnızca kolajen alımıyla sınırlı değildir; C vitamini, çinko, bakır, hiyalüronik asit gibi mikro besinler ve glisin, prolin, lizin gibi aminoasitler bu süreci destekler. Özellikle C vitamini, kolajen sentezinde görevli enzimlerin çalışabilmesi için gereklidir. Bu nedenle kolajen takviyesi ile birlikte C vitamini de mutlaka alınmalı; ideal olarak C vitamini içeren formülasyonlar tercih edilmelidir. Kolajen takviyesine başlamak için önerilen yaş aralığı 25–28 yaş olup, günlük 5–10 gram arasında dozlarla, en az 2–3 ay düzenli kullanım önerilmektedir. Takviyenin etkili olabilmesi için kişisel faktörler de dikkate alınmalıdır. Bireyin yaşı, cinsiyeti, beslenme şekli, mevcut hastalıkları, alerji öyküsü ve yaşam tarzı, kolajen ihtiyacını ve yanıtı etkileyebilir. Bu nedenle kolajen takviyesi kullanımı hekim kontrolünde planlanmalıdır (8,11, 12,13,14,15). 5.Kolajen Takviyesi Kimler İçin Uygun Değildir? Kolajen takviyesi herkes için uygun olmayabilir. Özellikle böbrek ve karaciğer hastalığı olanlar, hamile ve emziren kadınlar, kanser geçmişi olanlar ve deniz ürünleri ya da et türlerine (sığır, balık) alerjisi bulunan kişiler dikkatli olmalıdır. Diyabet hastaları da kolajen kullanmadan önce mutlaka doktorlarına danışmalıdır. Bu gruplarda yan etki riski daha yüksek olabilir. Bu yüzden kolajen kullanmaya başlamadan önce mutlaka bir uzmana başvurmak en doğrusudur. (7,16,17). Sonuç Kolajen takviyelerinin gerçekten etkili olup olmadığı, günümüzde hâlâ bilimsel araştırmaların odağında yer almaktadır. Her ne kadar mevcut veriler bu soruya kesin ve evrensel bir yanıt sunmasa da, özellikle cilt nemi, elastikiyetinin artışı ve eklem konforu gibi parametrelerde olumlu etkiler bildiren klinik çalışmalar mevcuttur. Düzenli ve yeterli dozda kullanımın, bazı bireylerde gözle görülür faydalar sağlayabildiği bildirilmektedir. Ancak bu etkilerin kişiden kişiye farklılık gösterebileceği unutulmamalıdır. Yaş, beslenme alışkanlıkları, yaşam tarzı, stres düzeyi ve uyku kalitesi gibi bireysel faktörler, vücudun kolajeni nasıl sentezlediğini ve kullandığını doğrudan etkilemektedir. Ayrıca, kolajen takviyelerinin formu (örneğin hidrolize kolajen peptit) ve beraberinde sunulan içerik kombinasyonları (C vitamini, çinko, hiyalüronik asit vb.) da takviyenin biyoyararlanımı ve etkinliği üzerinde belirleyici rol oynamaktadır. Bu nedenle kolajen takviyeleri yalnızca kozmetik değil, genel sağlığı destekleyici bir yaklaşım olarak ele alınmalıdır. Sonuç olarak, bilinçli ürün seçimi, bilimsel temelli içerikler, düzenli kullanım ve gerektiğinde uzman görüşü eşliğinde uygulanan bir takviye süreci, kolajen desteğinin daha etkili ve güvenli bir şekilde kullanılmasını mümkün kılmaktadır. Kaynakça1.    Tazeoğlu, F., & Arıcı, M. Kolajenin yapısı ve özellikleri.2.    Doğuer, Ç. (2024). Hücresel yaşlanma ve kolajen. Sağlık & Bilim 2023 Beslenme-IV, 133. 3.    Ricard-Blum  S.  The  collagen  family.  Cold  Spring  Harb Perspect Biol. 2011;3(1):a004978.4.    Frantz  C,  Stewart  KM,  Weaver  VM.  The  extracellular matrix   at   a   glance.   Journal   of   Cell   Science. 2010;123(24):4195-2005.    Kannus  P.  Structure  of  the  tendon  connective  tissue. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2000;10(6):312-206.    Goes RA, Lopes LR, Cossich VRA, de Miranda VAR, Coelho ON, do Carmo Bastos R, et al. Musculoskeletal injuries in athletes from five modalities: a cross-sectional study. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders. 2020;21:1-97.    Özsoy, S., Ülker, Ö. C., & Üstündağ, A. (2024). Oral kolajen takviyeleri ve olası advers etkilerinin değerlendirilmesi. Journal of Faculty of Pharmacy of Ankara University, 48(3), 31-31.8.    Shin, S. H., Lee, Y. H., Rho, N. K., & Park, K. Y. (2023). Skin aging from mechanisms to interventions: focusing on dermal aging. Frontiers in Physiology, 14, 1195272.9.    Kang, S., Fisher, G. J., & Voorhees, J. J. (2001). Photoaging: pathogenesis, prevention, and treatment. Clinics in geriatric medicine, 17(4), 643-659.10.    Proksch, E., Schunck, M., Zague, V., Segger, D., Degwert, J., & Oesser, S. (2014). Oral intake of specific bioactive collagen peptides reduces skin wrinkles and increases dermal matrix synthesis. Skin pharmacology and physiology, 27(3), 113-119.11.    Wu, J., Fujioka, M., Sugimoto, K., Mu, G., & Ishimi, Y. (2004). Assessment of effectiveness of oral administration of collagen peptide on bone metabolism in growing and mature rats. Journal of bone and mineral metabolism, 22(6), 547-553.12.    Lee, J., Tang, J. C., Dutton, J., Dunn, R., Fraser, W. D., Enright, K., ... & Erskine, R. M. (2024). The collagen synthesis response to an acute bout of resistance exercise is greater when ingesting 30 g hydrolyzed collagen compared with 15 g and 0 g in resistance-trained young men. The Journal of nutrition, 154(7), 2076-2086.13.    Wang, H. (2021). A review of the effects of collagen treatment in clinical studies. Polymers, 13(22), 3868.14.    Zhang, J., Elango, J., Wang, S., Hou, C., Miao, M., Li, J., ... & Wu, W. (2022). Characterization of immunogenicity associated with the biocompatibility of type I collagen from tilapia fish skin. Polymers, 14(11), 2300.15.    Reilly, D. M., & Lozano, J. (2021). Skin collagen through the lifestages: importance for skin health and beauty. Plastic and Aesthetic Research, 8, N-A.16.    Mavrogeorgis, E., Mischak, H., Latosinska, A., Vlahou, A., Schanstra, J. P., Siwy, J., ... & Jankowski, J. (2021). Collagen-derived peptides in CKD: a link to fibrosis. Toxins, 14(1), 10.17.    Xu, S., Xu, H., Wang, W., Li, S., Li, H., Li, T., ... & Liu, L. (2019). The role of collagen in cancer: from bench to bedside. Journal of translational medicine, 17(1), 309.18.    Lugo, J. A., Salazar, R., Zavala, N., Rodríguez, O., Vargas, G., Lizárraga, L., ... & Sepúlveda11, M. International Journal of Medicine Sciences.19.    Zdzieblik, D., Oesser, S., Baumstark, M. W., Gollhofer, A., & König, D. (2015). Collagen peptide supplementation in combination with resistance training improves body composition and increases muscle strength in elderly sarcopenic men: a randomised controlled trial. British Journal of Nutrition, 114(8), 1237-1245.20.    de Miranda, R. B., Weimer, P., & Rossi, R. C. (2021). Effects of hydrolyzed collagen supplementation on skin aging: a systematic review and meta‐analysis. International journal of dermatology, 60(12), 1449-1461.21.    Myung, S. K., & Park, Y. (2025). Effects of Collagen Supplements on Skin Aging: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. The American Journal of Medicine.22.    Ricard-Blum, S. (2011). The collagen family. Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in biology, 3(1), a004978.

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What is Niacinamide? Is it Effective Against Skin Blemishes?

Niacinamide is a prominent active ingredient in skincare. This is due to its multifaceted effects, particularly on a variety of issues like uneven skin tone, acne scarring, and signs of aging (1). Research shows that with regular use, niacinamide helps reduce hyperpigmentation and soothe acne-related redness (3). What is Niacinamide? Niacinamide is a type of vitamin B3 that improves skin barrier function by strengthening the water and oil layer barrier that protects the skin, increases moisture in the skin, and is used in the treatment of skin problems such as acne and psoriasis. Key Properties of Niacinamide in Skin Care Niacinamide stands out as a versatile skin care ingredient thanks to its key properties such as strengthening the skin barrier, balancing sebum production, removing skin blemishes and supporting cellular regeneration. (4) Is Niacinamide Really Effective Against Skin Blemishes? Research findings reveal that niacinamide may be an effective and safe treatment option against skin blemishes (5). What Do Scientific Studies and Clinical Research Say? Niacinamide's effect on hyperpigmentation is scientifically supported, particularly through its ability to regulate melanin production (2). Clinical studies show that topical application of 5% niacinamide significantly reduces skin blemishes in as little as 4 to 8 weeks (6). You can explore niacinamide-containing products that help combat skin blemishes here. Niacinamide's Mechanism of Action on Blemishes Niacinamide's effect on skin blemishes is primarily based on its mechanism of inhibiting melanosomal transfer, which reduces skin surface discoloration (2). This process occurs through modulation of the pigment transport cascade rather than direct inhibition of the tyrosinase enzyme, allowing niacinamide to act without causing skin irritation (7). Other Important Skin Benefits of Niacinamide Niacinamide stands out for its versatile effects in combating not only blemishes but also various other skin problems (3). Research shows that this compound reduces acne by balancing sebum production, while also relieving symptoms like redness and sensitivity thanks to its anti-inflammatory effects (1). Strengthening the Skin Barrier and Reducing Sensitivity Niacinamide stands out for its ability to strengthen the skin barrier (8). This shows the potential to reduce irritation and increase tolerance, especially in dry, sensitive, or atopic-prone skin (1). Preventing Acne by Balancing Sebum Production One of the effects of niacinamide in preventing acne is its ability to balance excess sebum production in the skin. Controlling sebum secretion reduces the risk of acne by preventing comedone formation and bacterial proliferation (9). Uses of Niacinamide in Oral Care Besides its widespread use in skin care, niacinamide also offers potential benefits in oral health (10). Effects on Oral Health and Gums Niacinamide plays an important role in maintaining the integrity of the oral mucosa. It has also been shown to reduce the inflammatory response observed in gingivitis and contribute to the protection of periodontal tissues. Therefore, adequate niacinamide intake is important for both preventive and supportive oral care (10). Who Should Choose Oral Care Products Containing Niacinamide? Oral care products containing niacinamide are a suitable supplementary option, particularly for individuals experiencing frequent irritation, aphthous ulcers, or inflammation of the oral mucosa. They also offer benefits for individuals with gum sensitivity, a tendency to gingivitis, or a weakened immune system, due to their anti-inflammatory and cell-regeneration-promoting effects (11). How to Choose and Use Products Containing Niacinamide? The effectiveness of niacinamide-containing skin care products can vary depending on the concentration and formulation (4). Furthermore, establishing a personalized application routine based on frequency of use, skin type, and existing skin problems is critical for long-term success. The Importance of Concentration in Products Research suggests that niacinamide concentrations between 2% and 5% are the ideal range for both tolerance and clinical efficacy (1). These concentrations should be considered when selecting a product. How to Use Niacinamide-Containing Serums and Creams? Serums and creams containing niacinamide generally work best when applied once or twice daily to cleansed skin (1). To minimize the risk of skin irritation, it's best to start with lower concentrations and use caution when using them with other active ingredients. Niacinamide offers scientifically proven, multifaceted benefits for a wide range of skin concerns, including blemishes, acne, redness, dehydration, and signs of aging. It stands out as both a preventative and restorative care ingredient by evenlying skin tone, balancing sebum production, and strengthening the skin barrier. With the right products and regular use, niacinamide can help achieve a visibly healthy and balanced complexion when incorporated into your daily skincare routine. REFERENCES 1. Draelos, Z. D. (2013). The effect of niacinamide on reducing cutaneous pigmentation and suppression of melanosome transfer. British Journal of Dermatology, 169(3), 23–28 2. Hakozaki, T., Minwalla, L., Zhuang, J., Chhoa, M., Matsubara, A., Miyamoto, K., ... & Bissett, D. L. (2002). The effect of niacinamide on reducing cutaneous pigmentation and suppression of melanosome transfer. British Journal of Dermatology, 147(1), 20–31 3. Gehring, W. (2004). Nicotinic acid/niacinamide and the skin. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 3(2), 88–93. 4. Oblong, J. E., Nicoll, G., & Akers, W. A. ​​(2002). Topical niacinamide provides skin aging appearance benefits while enhancing skin barrier function. Journal of Cosmetic Science, 53(3), 151–158. 5. Navarrete-Solís, J., Castanedo-Cázares, J.P., Torres-Álvarez, B., Oros-Ovalle, C., Fuentes-Ahumada, C., González, F.J., ... & Moncada, B. (2011). A double-blind, randomized clinical trial of niacinamide 4% versus hydroquinone 4% in the treatment of melasma. Dermatology Research and Practice, 2011, 379173 6. Bissett, D. L., Miyamoto, K., Sun, P., Li, J., Berge, C. A., & Oblong, J. E. (2004). Topical niacinamide reduces yellowing, wrinkling, red blotchiness, and hyperpigmented spots in aging facial skin. International Journal of Cosmetic Science, 26(5), 231–238. 7. Greatens, A., Hakozaki, T., Koshoffer, A., Epstein, H., Schwemberger, S., Babcock, G., ... & Bissett, D. L. (2005). Effective inhibition of melanosome transfer to keratinocytes by lectins and niacinamide is reversible. Experimental Dermatology, 14(7), 498–508. 8. Tanno, O., Ota, Y., Kitamura, N., Katsube, T., & Inoue, S. (2000). Nicotinamide increases biosynthesis of ceramides as well as other stratum corneum lipids to improve the epidermal permeability barrier. British Journal of Dermatology, 143(3), 524–531. 9. Kim, M. B., Kim, C., & Kim, M. N. (2013). The effects of niacinamide on acne vulgaris: A randomized controlled trial. Annals of Dermatology, 25(2), 136–140 10. Kirkland, J. B. (2012). Niacin status, NAD distribution and ADP-ribose metabolism. Current Pharmaceutical Design, 15(1), 3–11. 11. Yoshida, N., Yoshikawa, T., & Naito, Y. (2013). Role of oxidative stress and inflammation in periodontal disease. Current Drug Targets, 14(15), 1602–1616.

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What Do the Color Codes on Toothpaste Packages Mean?

The claim, frequently seen on social media, that "the colors on the bottom of toothpaste tubes reveal the ingredients," is confusing many consumers. Descriptions like "black is chemical, green is natural" are spreading rapidly, especially in short videos. But do these colorful squares actually provide information about the toothpaste's ingredients, or do they have a completely different meaning during the production process? The truth is, toothpaste color codes or the colored markings on the bottom of the toothpaste have no connection to the product's chemical composition. These squares are solely for ensuring correct packaging alignment on the production line and improving print quality. The Emergence of Color Codes Technical Purpose of Colored Squares in the Production Line The colored squares on the packaging are detected by automatic cutting and folding machines used in production facilities. These squares serve as optical reference points that determine where the machine will cut. This means the machine cuts, folds, and seals the packaging in the correct place based on this marking. The "Eye Mark" System Used in the Packaging Printing Process These squares are part of a system technically called "eye marks." Eye mark sensors recognize these colored marks on the print, maintaining packaging alignment and text-visual integrity. Color variations are often chosen to increase contrast in the print. Therefore, different colors can appear in each brand. Common Misinformation on Social Media Where Did the Claim “Black = Chemical, Green = Natural” Come From? The origin of this claim stems from a false image circulating on social media a few years ago. The image created a false grid between the squares beneath the tubes and the content type. This information was quickly shared without any verification, and many users mistaken it for real. Why Is This Information Incorrect? The ingredients of toothpastes are listed in the "Ingredients" list on the label. The colored squares on the bottom of the packaging have no connection to the chemical or natural content other than their technical function on the production line. Furthermore, even two products with the same formula may be produced in different production facilities with different color codes. Fact: The Technical Meaning of Color Codes Alignment Marks for Packaging Cutting and Folding Machines These squares are used throughout the production process to ensure accurate printing alignment and accurate packaging cutting. Invisible sensors detect these squares and guide the machine. It has nothing to do with content and chemical ratio. The factors that determine the content of a toothpaste are the product formula, active ingredients, and the manufacturer's statement. The colored squares refer to the printing technology, not the content. Objectives of Improving Production Quality and Reducing Margin of Error This system reduces error rates in packaging production, ensures product consistency, and prevents issues like print misalignment. In other words, these little squares are actually part of quality control. How to Really Tell What Your Toothpaste Ingredients Are Reading the Table of Contents Correctly The most accurate way to learn about the ingredients in a toothpaste is to read the ingredient list under the "Ingredients" heading. This section is legally required to state the product's formula. Active Ingredients (Fluoride, Zinc, Herbal Extracts, etc.) The most commonly used active ingredients in toothpastes are sodium fluoride, zinc salts, herbal extracts, and bleaching agents. The presence, proportion, and combination of these ingredients determine the product's effectiveness. Certifications and Security Standards Products certified natural or organic generally receive certification from independent organizations such as Ecocert and COSMOS. Furthermore, every toothpaste marketed in Türkiye is inspected under the Cosmetics Regulation and Product Safety Legislation. Recommendations to Consumers Querying Social Media Information When you come across information about a product on social media, be sure to check the source. Unscientific images and rumors are often misleading. Considering the Ingredient List and Brand Reliability When choosing a product, pay attention to the ingredient list on the packaging and the brand's transparency policies. Reputable brands usually share formula details openly. Product Selection with Expert Advice When choosing the most appropriate toothpaste for your oral and dental health, the best approach is to get advice from your dentist or pharmacist. In conclusion, the colored squares on the bottom of toothpaste tubes are a myth. These markings are simply part of the manufacturing process and provide no information about the product's contents. To get accurate information, always check the ingredient list on the packaging and verify it with reliable sources. 📖 If you want to learn all the details and solutions regarding oral and dental health, be sure to read our article titled Periodontitis and Gum Health .

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