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Hormonal Akne Neden Olur, Nasıl Geçer? - ya da multicosmetics

What Causes Hormonal Acne and How Can It Be Treated?

The answer to the question of what hormonal acne is is that it's a type of acne that develops due to fluctuations in hormone levels and is generally inflammatory. It's particularly common in women due to changes in the estrogen-androgen balance [1,2]. Factors such as the menstrual cycle, pregnancy, PCOS, stress, and androgen receptor sensitivity can trigger this condition. In men, this type of acne is less common because androgen levels are more stable [2].

What are the symptoms of hormonal acne?

Hormonal acne (pimples) is a skin condition characterized by recurring, deep lesions, usually concentrated on the lower face. It's not limited to adolescence but is also common in women aged 20 and older. So, how can hormonal acne be diagnosed?

Acne Around the Jawline and Neck

Hormonal acne most commonly occurs around the jawline, around the mouth, lower cheeks, and neck. The sebaceous glands in these areas are more sensitive to androgen hormones. Due to fluctuations in hormone levels, various types of lesions, such as papules, pustules, nodules, and cysts, can occur in these areas. This distribution pattern is considered characteristic of hormonal acne, especially in women aged 20 and older [3].

Cystic Structures That Thicken Before Menstruation

The menstrual cycle is a period of natural fluctuation in women's hormone levels. Especially during the luteal phase (the period following ovulation), the relative increase in androgen hormones leads to increased seborrhea (oil production) in the skin. This can lead to clogged pores and the development of inflamed, deep-seated, cystic lesions.
Research shows that acne lesions that occur during this period are more often nodules and cysts, accompanied by comedones, rather than superficial lesions. They are generally painful, slow to heal, and recurrent. Therefore, deep pimples that appear in similar areas before each menstrual period should be considered a significant indicator of hormonal acne [4].

Persistent, Recurring Acne

It's one of the most distinctive features of hormonal acne. Recurring comedonal or cystic lesions, particularly in the same area, offer limited response to conventional acne treatments. Studies have highlighted that this form of acne is more common in women who smoke and are older, and that the comedonal component can often be overlooked [5].

What Causes Hormonal Acne?

Hormonal acne occurs when androgen hormones (testosterone and DHEA-S) specifically stimulate the sebaceous glands, increasing sebum production. This leads to pore blockage and inflammation. Hormonal changes such as menstrual cycle, PCOS, birth control pills, pregnancy, and menopause, as well as environmental factors such as stress, lack of sleep, and a high-glycemic diet, can exacerbate acne. Additionally, the skin's hypersensitivity to androgen hormones can also cause hormonal acne [1,6,7].

Hormonal imbalances (especially increased androgens)

Hormonal imbalances, particularly increased androgen (testosterone, dihydrotestosterone (DHT)) and decreased estradiol levels, are among the primary causes of hormonal acne in adult women. The significant reduction in acne severity observed with the correction of these imbalances highlights the importance of hormonal regulation in treatment [1].

The effect of stress and cortisol

Chronic stress raises the hormone cortisol in the body, which can trigger sebum production and increase hormonal acne [7].

The effect of eating habits on hormones

High-glycemic index diets may increase acne severity. Those on a low-glycemic load diet experienced decreased acne, weight, body mass index (BMI), and androgen levels, while insulin sensitivity increased.

Studies linking dairy consumption to acne are limited, but consuming skim milk, in particular, may increase acne risk. No such association has been found with cheese and yogurt. Ice cream is also among the dairy products that increase acne risk [5].

Natural Solutions for Hormonal Acne Instead of Hormone Medications

While the answer to the question "How do I get rid of hormonal acne?" is often associated with hormone medications, the unwanted side effects of these treatments can be a concern for many. For those with OR who are seeking more natural, low-side-effect, and long-term sustainable solutions and are making informed choices, herbal ingredients and scientifically based supplements can offer powerful alternatives. These natural treatments affect sebum production, bacterial growth, inflammation, and keratinization. They also contribute to hormonal acne treatment by providing moisturizing and soothing effects when applied topically (on the skin).

  • Green Tea: Its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antibacterial properties provide benefits in cases of inflammatory acne.
  • Resveratrol: Reduces inflammatory response and helps manage acne symptoms by inhibiting the growth of P. acnes bacteria.
  • Rosa Damascena (Damascus Rose): It contributes to acne treatment with its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial effects and lipid peroxidation inhibitor properties.
  • Tea Tree Oil: When applied topically, it shows antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory effects, heals inflammatory acne lesions and supports acne treatment.
  • Probiotics: The antimicrobial properties of probiotics may also help alleviate acne symptoms [6,7].

Creating a daily skin care routine

Gentle cleansers, non-comedogenic products, and regular exfoliation should help strengthen the skin barrier. To discover the importance of proper skincare in combating hormonal acne and learn which products are best for your skin type, be sure to read our article : Skin Care Tips by Skin Type .

Ingredients Like Niacinamide and Azelaic Acid

Niacinamide (B3) supports the skin barrier by replenishing moisture to skin irritated by the drying effects of acne treatments [8]. Azelaic acid, naturally found in wheat, barley, and rye, accelerates skin cell turnover and reduces inflammation, alleviating the appearance of blemishes and acne [9].

Supplements: Zinc, Omega-3, DIM

Zinc is effective against acne by balancing sebum production and reducing inflammation. While omega-3 fatty acids have anti-inflammatory properties, studies on their effects on acne are inconsistent, and more research is needed. Diindolmethan (DIM) is found in some vegetables, particularly cabbage, broccoli, and cauliflower. It has been shown to balance hormone levels, making DIM suitable for treating hormonal acne [10].

Daily Tips to Prevent Hormonal Acne

In treating hormonal acne, not only medication but also lifestyle changes are important; simple habits reduce the risk of acne by maintaining hormonal balance.

Reducing refined sugar and dairy

High glycemic index foods (foods containing refined sugar) raise insulin levels, leading to increased androgen hormones. This, in turn, increases sebum production, contributing to clogged pores and acne [11].
Dairy products, especially cow's milk, similarly stimulate the sebaceous glands through the IGF-1 and hormones it contains and can exacerbate hormonal acne by increasing inflammation [11].

Paying attention to your sleep patterns

Insufficient sleep disrupts hormonal balance by increasing cortisol levels and triggers sebum production, paving the way for acne; regular sleep of 7-9 hours a day prevents this process and supports skin regeneration [7].

Reducing daily stress levels

Chronic stress triggers hormonal acne by increasing cortisol and raising androgen levels; stress management techniques such as mindfulness, breathing exercises, exercise and meditation help control acne by reducing these hormonal imbalances [7].

Conclusion

Hormonal acne is not merely a superficial skin condition; it is the clinical manifestation of underlying hormonal and environmental factors on the skin. Effective management requires a holistic approach to addressing daily life factors such as sleep patterns, stress management, healthy eating, and skin care habits, in addition to medical treatments. This approach not only alleviates acne symptoms but also allows for sustainable skin health [1,2,4,6].


SOURCE:
1. Thomas, J., Parimalam, K., & Sindhu, R. B. (2013). Hormonal acne: leading to a paradigm shift in the management of acne. Expert Review of Dermatology, 8(3), 225-227.
2. Kamangar, F., & Shinkai, K. (2012). Acne in the adult female patient: a practical approach. International journal of dermatology, 51(10), 1162-1174
3. Thiboutot, D. (2001). Hormones and acne: Pathophysiology, clinical evaluation, and therapies. Seminars in Cutaneous Medicine and Surgery, 20(3), 144–153.
4. Zaenglein, AL, Pathy, AL, Schlosser, B.J., Alikhan, A., Baldwin, HE, Berson, DS, ... & Bhushan, R. (2016). Guidelines of care for the management of acne vulgaris. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, 74(5), 945–973.
5. Bhadra, P. (2020). A literature review on acne due to hormonal changes and lifestyle. Indian Journal of Natural Sciences, 10(59), 18507-18521.
6. Sundene, N., & Doctor, N. Hormonal Acne: “Hormones and Acne” Holistic Dermatology Meets Natural Endocrinology!.
7. Madan, P. A Study on the Impact of Hormonal Imbalances on Acne Severity in Adult Females.
8. Permatasari, NJ, & Tan, ST (2024). Efficacy of Topical Niacinamide on Skin Hydration of Adolescents with Acne Vulgaris: An Experimental Study on the Adolescent Community in Jakarta, Indonesia. Bioscientia Medicina: Journal of Biomedicine and Translational Research, 8(9), 4987-4995.
9. Vargas-Diez, E., Hofmann, M.A., Bravo, B., Malgazhdarova, G., Katkhanova, O.A., & Yutskovskaya, Y. (2013). Azelaic acid in the treatment of acne in adult females: Case reports. Skin Pharmacology and Physiology, 27(Suppl. 1), 18–25.
10. Rubin, M. G., Kim, K., & Logan, A. C. (2008). Acne vulgaris, mental health and omega-3 fatty acids: a report of cases. Lipids in health and disease, 7(1), 36.
11. Spencer, E.H., Ferdowsian, HR, & Barnard, N.D. (2009). Diet and acne: a review of the evidence. International journal of dermatology, 48(4).

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Niacinamide Nedir? Cilt Lekelerine Karşı Etkili mi? - ya da multicosmetics

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Research findings reveal that niacinamide may be an effective and safe treatment option against skin blemishes (5). What Do Scientific Studies and Clinical Research Say? Niacinamide's effect on hyperpigmentation is scientifically supported, particularly through its ability to regulate melanin production (2). Clinical studies show that topical application of 5% niacinamide significantly reduces skin blemishes in as little as 4 to 8 weeks (6). You can explore niacinamide-containing products that help combat skin blemishes here. Niacinamide's Mechanism of Action on Blemishes Niacinamide's effect on skin blemishes is primarily based on its mechanism of inhibiting melanosomal transfer, which reduces skin surface discoloration (2). This process occurs through modulation of the pigment transport cascade rather than direct inhibition of the tyrosinase enzyme, allowing niacinamide to act without causing skin irritation (7). 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Uses of Niacinamide in Oral Care Besides its widespread use in skin care, niacinamide also offers potential benefits in oral health (10). Effects on Oral Health and Gums Niacinamide plays an important role in maintaining the integrity of the oral mucosa. It has also been shown to reduce the inflammatory response observed in gingivitis and contribute to the protection of periodontal tissues. Therefore, adequate niacinamide intake is important for both preventive and supportive oral care (10). Who Should Choose Oral Care Products Containing Niacinamide? Oral care products containing niacinamide are a suitable supplementary option, particularly for individuals experiencing frequent irritation, aphthous ulcers, or inflammation of the oral mucosa. They also offer benefits for individuals with gum sensitivity, a tendency to gingivitis, or a weakened immune system, due to their anti-inflammatory and cell-regeneration-promoting effects (11). 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Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 3(2), 88–93. 4. Oblong, J. E., Nicoll, G., & Akers, W. A. ​​(2002). Topical niacinamide provides skin aging appearance benefits while enhancing skin barrier function. Journal of Cosmetic Science, 53(3), 151–158. 5. Navarrete-Solís, J., Castanedo-Cázares, J.P., Torres-Álvarez, B., Oros-Ovalle, C., Fuentes-Ahumada, C., González, F.J., ... & Moncada, B. (2011). A double-blind, randomized clinical trial of niacinamide 4% versus hydroquinone 4% in the treatment of melasma. Dermatology Research and Practice, 2011, 379173 6. Bissett, D. L., Miyamoto, K., Sun, P., Li, J., Berge, C. A., & Oblong, J. E. (2004). Topical niacinamide reduces yellowing, wrinkling, red blotchiness, and hyperpigmented spots in aging facial skin. International Journal of Cosmetic Science, 26(5), 231–238. 7. Greatens, A., Hakozaki, T., Koshoffer, A., Epstein, H., Schwemberger, S., Babcock, G., ... & Bissett, D. L. (2005). Effective inhibition of melanosome transfer to keratinocytes by lectins and niacinamide is reversible. Experimental Dermatology, 14(7), 498–508. 8. Tanno, O., Ota, Y., Kitamura, N., Katsube, T., & Inoue, S. (2000). Nicotinamide increases biosynthesis of ceramides as well as other stratum corneum lipids to improve the epidermal permeability barrier. British Journal of Dermatology, 143(3), 524–531. 9. Kim, M. B., Kim, C., & Kim, M. N. (2013). The effects of niacinamide on acne vulgaris: A randomized controlled trial. Annals of Dermatology, 25(2), 136–140 10. Kirkland, J. B. (2012). Niacin status, NAD distribution and ADP-ribose metabolism. Current Pharmaceutical Design, 15(1), 3–11. 11. Yoshida, N., Yoshikawa, T., & Naito, Y. (2013). Role of oxidative stress and inflammation in periodontal disease. Current Drug Targets, 14(15), 1602–1616.

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Diş Macunu Paketlerindeki Renk Kodları Ne Anlama Geliyor? - ya da multicosmetics

What Do the Color Codes on Toothpaste Packages Mean?

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Resveratrol nedir? Cilt üzerine etkileri nelerdir? - ya da multicosmetics

What is resveratrol? What are its effects on the skin?

Resveratrol, a natural polyphenol produced in plants for defensive purposes, has become popular in skincare due to its powerful antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. The increasing demand for naturally derived ingredients has led to a trend to replace synthetic ingredients with safer alternatives, with resveratrol becoming a prominent compound in this context. What is Resveratrol and Why is it Important for Skin? Resveratrol is a natural compound with multifaceted benefits for both skin and overall health. It is particularly noted for its protective, rejuvenating, and restorative effects on the skin. Chemically, it is a stilbene derivative and exists in two forms. Of these, trans-resveratrol is preferred because it is more stable, more effective, and, scientifically, has more potent antioxidant activity. Resveratrol as a natural polyphenol Resveratrol is a polyphenol compound found in plants such as grapevine flowers, grape skins, red wine, peanuts, and blueberries. 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Formulations containing resveratrol and its analogs (RTA, RTG) inhibit tyrosinase enzyme activity, preventing melanin formation. In vitro, 3D skin models, and clinical studies have supported the skin-lightening effect of resveratrol, demonstrating positive results in improving human skin tone and reducing the appearance of blemishes (5). What Do Scientific Findings Say About Resveratrol? Scientific studies reveal that resveratrol, thanks to its powerful antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, delays skin aging, reduces UV damage, and promotes cell regeneration. This demonstrates that resveratrol is an effective and reliable ingredient in maintaining skin health. 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Moderate and high doses of oral resveratrol may provide systemic benefits by activating antioxidant systems and sirtuin (SIRT1) pathways; however, due to its low bioavailability, it accumulates in tissues only slightly. Rapid metabolism in the liver and intestines may limit its effects (7). With topical application, resveratrol accumulates directly in the epidermis and stratum corneum, strengthening the skin barrier, enhancing antioxidant capacity, and improving collagen-supported structures in deep wrinkles (4). However, for systemic anti-aging, oral resveratrol may be complementary with its body-wide antioxidant effects. What Should You Consider When Choosing Skin Products Containing Resveratrol? In skin products, 0.5–1% resveratrol is generally sufficient for effectiveness (6). Its effect may be synergistic when used with ingredients such as vitamin C, niacinamide and hyaluronic acid; however, its stability may decrease when used together with acids such as AHA/BHA or with very low pH products (4). Using resveratrol in the morning with sunscreen enhances its antioxidant effect and helps prevent UV damage, while evening use supports skin renewal. Available as a lightweight serum or moisturizer, these products can easily be incorporated into multi-step skin routines. Can Anyone Use Resveratrol? Resveratrol is generally well-tolerated and known for its antioxidant and anti-aging effects; however, its suitability for each individual may vary depending on their circumstances (8). People with allergies or sensitive skin should choose low-concentration forms (0.1–0.5%) and perform a patch test before using resveratrol-containing products (8). While topical resveratrol has limited local effects on the skin during pregnancy and breastfeeding, it's recommended to avoid high-dose oral supplements. Additionally, individuals taking blood-thinning (anticoagulant) medications should not use both topical and systemic resveratrol supplements without consulting a doctor, as they may interact with resveratrol supplements. Conclusion Regular and correct use of resveratrol can provide significant benefits in maintaining skin health and reducing the signs of aging. Scientific research shows that this natural compound, particularly with its antioxidant and cell-regenerating properties, strengthens the skin barrier and plays a protective role against external factors. However, to best observe these effects, it is crucial to choose reliable formulations. While the right product selection, appropriate concentration, and regular use maximize the positive effects of resveratrol on the skin, inadvertent use can lead to undesirable consequences. Therefore, based on scientific evidence, resveratrol is considered a valuable part of a conscious, long-term skincare strategy. REFERENCES 1) Baur, J. A., & Sinclair, DA (2006). Therapeutic potential of resveratrol: the in vivo evidence. Nature reviews. Drug discovery, 5(6), 493–506. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrd2060 2) Zhou, DD, Cheng, J., Li, J., Wu, SX, Xiong, RG, Huang, SY, Cheung, PC, & Li, HB (2024). Resveratrol and Its Analogues: Anti-aging Effects and Underlying Mechanisms. Sub-cellular biochemistry, 107, 183–203. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-66768-8_9 3) Igielska-Kalwat, J., Firlej, M., Lewandowska, A., & Biedziak, B. (2019). In vivo studies of resveratrol contained in cosmetic emulsions. Acta biochimica Polonica, 66(3), 371–374. https://doi.org/10.18388/abp.2019_2838 4) Mascarenhas-Melo, F., Araújo, ARTS, Rodrigues, M., Mathur, A., Gonçalves, MBS, Tanwar, K., Heidarizadeh, F., Nejaddehbashi, F., Rahdar, A., Mazzola, PG, Veiga, F., & Paiva-Santos, AC (2023). Dermatological Bioactivities of Resveratrol and Nanotechnology Strategies to Boost Its Efficacy—An Updated Review. Cosmetics, 10(3), 68. https://doi.org/10.3390/cosmetics10030068 5) Boo, Y. C. (2019). Human Skin Lightening Efficacy of Resveratrol and Its Analogs: From in Vitro Studies to Cosmetic Applications. Antioxidants, 8(9), 332. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox8090332 6) Brinke, A. , Janssens-Böcker, C. and Kerscher, M. (2021) Skin Anti-Aging Benefits of a 2% Resveratrol Emulsion. Journal of Cosmetics, Dermatological Sciences and Applications, 11, 155-168. doi: 10.4236/jcdsa.2021.112015. 7) Alonso, C., Martí, M., Barba, C., Carrer, V., Rubio, L., & Coderch, L. (2017). Skin permeation and antioxidant efficacy of topically applied resveratrol. Archives of dermatological research, 309(6), 423–431. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00403-017-1740-5 8) Ratz-Łyko, Anna & Arct, Jacek. (2018). Resveratrol as an active ingredient for cosmetic and dermatological applications: A review. Journal of Cosmetic and Laser Therapy. 21. 10.1080/14764172.2018.1469767.

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